"An instrument to measure the Bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of surfaces"

Applied Optics 39, 6197-6206 (2000).
Abstract: A new instrument to measure the in situ bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of
surfaces is described. This instrument measures the BRDF for eight illumination angles from 0 to 65
deg, three colors (475, 570, and 658 nm), and at over 100 selected viewing angles. The viewing zenith
angles range from 5 to 65 deg, and the azimuth angles, relative to the illumination direction, range from
0 to +-180 deg. Many tests of the system have been run and show that for flat surfaces the BRDF of a
sample surface can be measured with a precision of 1-5% and an accuracy of 10% of the measured
reflectance. The BRDF for a dry and wet sand sample is presented as a demonstration of the instrument.

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